Adnan Online Class: data communication

Signals in Data Communication

<span style="font-size: large;">Signals in Data Communication:-</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw3cox75m6_nlJULHxIYixD9lomAgcgmRzrjMD_U3VrdEm97x_7SzGsFLtj3pjB6YDq3ZRmn4DlIWULIZebid19RwhIboXYyGc4eQ5mlQBjc105SMU8qPKM97wTwT3UeLcm_r5CDesO3XL/s1600/Screenshot+-+5_30_2017+%252C+5_19_15+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="519" data-original-width="926" height="111" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw3cox75m6_nlJULHxIYixD9lomAgcgmRzrjMD_U3VrdEm97x_7SzGsFLtj3pjB6YDq3ZRmn4DlIWULIZebid19RwhIboXYyGc4eQ5mlQBjc105SMU8qPKM97wTwT3UeLcm_r5CDesO3XL/s200/Screenshot+-+5_30_2017+%252C+5_19_15+PM.png" width="200" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span>A <b>signal</b> as referred to in communication systems, signal processing, and electrical engineering is a function that "conveys information about the behavior or attributes of some phenomenon".In the physical world, any quantity exhibiting variation in time or 
variation in space (such as an image) is potentially a signal that might
 provide information on the status of a physical system, or convey a message between observers, among other possibilities.The <i>IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing</i> states that the term "signal" includes audio, video, speech, image, communication, geophysical, sonar, radar, medical and musical signals.<br />
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Signals in Data Communication

Signals in Data Communication:- A signal as referred to in communication systems, signal processing, and electri...

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What is TCP/IP Protocol Suite

<span style="font-size: large;">What is TCP/IP Protocol Suite:-</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyZ7uqXAEs7gMOFzSRcdpwJhAsGIlcaDPl6XZb6zKWKYoT8lhnByxXamCcUVoAdXHa2SbgZbmUU9i0n5HW7i5V0BlJsqWJv5VBrAbNyLSVxBflbGrnJoKr3zZxpI_nmvmcqwcsjWystMxo/s1600/Screenshot+-+5_30_2017+%252C+9_40_08+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="918" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyZ7uqXAEs7gMOFzSRcdpwJhAsGIlcaDPl6XZb6zKWKYoT8lhnByxXamCcUVoAdXHa2SbgZbmUU9i0n5HW7i5V0BlJsqWJv5VBrAbNyLSVxBflbGrnJoKr3zZxpI_nmvmcqwcsjWystMxo/s200/Screenshot+-+5_30_2017+%252C+9_40_08+AM.png" width="200" /></a>                                           <b>TCP/IP</b> is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks. It is commonly known as <b>TCP/IP</b> because the original protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). It is occasionally known as the <b>Department of Defense (DoD) model</b>, because the development of the networking model was funded by DARPA, an agency of the United States Department of Defense. <br />
The Internet protocol suite provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed and received. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers which are used to sort all related protocols according to the scope of networking involved. From lowest to highest, the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link); the internet layer, connecting independent networks, thus providing internetworking; the transport layer handling host-to-host communication; and the application layer, which provides process-to-process data exchange for applications.

What is TCP/IP Protocol Suite

What is TCP/IP Protocol Suite:- TCP/IP is the conceptual model and set of commun...

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What is OSI Reference Model

<span style="font-size: large;">What is OSI Reference Model:-</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ1JjGMatEAwYJfnm5vaVTSX68mq838Cr2BKaH0kLm9XjS-VABl2Kd9XiocNUz3BWwxhitnQikFz1CeL5gxO0DJP8pjLJ6s-HE6MKDF7khGJcciL63g8evQ8k7upXarF57p0OqEAv3rubj/s1600/Screenshot+-+5_29_2017+%252C+11_39_34+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="519" data-original-width="924" height="111" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ1JjGMatEAwYJfnm5vaVTSX68mq838Cr2BKaH0kLm9XjS-VABl2Kd9XiocNUz3BWwxhitnQikFz1CeL5gxO0DJP8pjLJ6s-HE6MKDF7khGJcciL63g8evQ8k7upXarF57p0OqEAv3rubj/s200/Screenshot+-+5_29_2017+%252C+11_39_34+AM.png" width="200" /></a>                            <span id="goog_873200157"></span><span id="goog_873200158"></span>   The <b>Open Systems Interconnection model</b> (<b>OSI model</b>) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions
 of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to their 
underlying internal structure and technology. Its goal is the 
interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard 
protocols. The model partitions a communication system into abstraction layers. The original version of the model defined seven layers.<br />
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A layer serves the layer above it and is served by the layer below 
it. For example, a layer that provides error-free communications across a
 network provides the path needed by applications above it, while it 
calls the next lower layer to send and receive packets that comprise the
 contents of that path. Two instances at the same layer are visualized 
as connected by a <i>horizontal</i> connection in that layer.<br />
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What is OSI Reference Model

What is OSI Reference Model:- The Open Systems Interconnection model ( OSI model ) is a conceptual mod...

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