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Satelite Communication

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<span style="font-size: large;">Satelite Communication:-</span><br />
A satellite is an artificial satellite that amplifies radio telecommunications signals via a transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth. Communications satellites are used for television, telephone, radio, internet, and military applications. There area about  2,000 communications satellites in Earth’s orbit, used by both private and government organizations.

Wireless communication uses electromagnetic waves to carry signals. These waves require line-of-sight, and are thus obstructed by the curvature of the Earth. The purpose of communications satellites is to relay the signal around the curve of the Earth allowing communication between widely separated points. Communications satellites use a wide range of radio and microwave frequencies. To avoid signal interference, international organizations have regulations for which frequency ranges or "bands" certain organizations are allowed to use. This allocation of bands minimizes the risk of signal interference.<br />
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Satelite Communication

Satelite Communication:- A satellite is an artificial satellite that amplifies radio telecommunications signals via a transponder; it cre...

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Wireless Communication

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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Wireless Communication:- </b></span><br />
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Wireless networking is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and business installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations.Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model network structure.<br />
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Wireless Communication

Wireless Communication:- Wireless networking is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and business installations avoid ...

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Enhance Data Rates For GSM Evolution(EDGE)

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 Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) (also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) is a digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM. EDGE is considered a pre-3G radio technology and is part of ITU's 3G definition. EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003 – initially by Cingular (now AT&T) in the United States.<br />
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                    EDGE is an abbreviation for Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution. All network providers and smartphones support EDGE, but rarely actually make use of it. It's an ancient technology which came before 3G, 4G, and LTE, and is usually classified as a 2.75G network.<br />
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                      It was an evolution to GPRS and could achieve theoretical speeds between 120Kbps to 384Kbps. If you ever see an E icon in your smartphone's status bar, it means that your device is only able to connect to your carrier's EDGE network, which is due to you being in a poor network coverage area.<br />
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                   Even though EDGE services were considered super fast when they started to become operational back in 2003, you'll barely be able to browse through the internet with those kind of speeds nowadays.

Enhance Data Rates For GSM Evolution(EDGE)

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) (also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or Enhanced Data rates for Gl...

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How to Secure wifi-Wireless Network

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Wireless security is the prevention of unauthorized access or damage to computers using wireless networks. The most common types of wireless security are Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA). WEP is a notoriously weak security standard. The password it uses can often be cracked in a few minutes with a basic laptop computer and widely available software tools. WEP is an old IEEE 802.11 standard from 1999, which was outdated in 2003 by WPA, or Wi-Fi Protected Access. WPA was a quick alternative to improve security over WEP. The current standard is WPA2; some hardware cannot support WPA2 without firmware upgrade or replacement. WPA2 uses an encryption device that encrypts the network with a 256-bit key; the longer key length improves security over WEP.

How to Secure wifi-Wireless Network

Wireless security is the prevention of unauthorized access or damage to computers using wireless ...

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Free online training on Electromegnatic Waves

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   In physics, electromagnetic waves (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field, propagating through space carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-, and gamma radiation.<br />
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Electromagnetic waves consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light through a vacuum. The oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming a transverse wave. The wavefront of electromagnetic waves emitted from a point source is a sphere. The position of an electromagnetic wave within the electromagnetic spectrum can be characterized by either its frequency of oscillation or its wavelength. The electromagnetic spectrum includes, in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.<br />
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Free online training on Electromegnatic Waves

In physics, electromagnetic waves (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field, ...

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Multiplexing in Wireless Communication

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 Multiplexing is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to share an expensive resource. For example, in telecommunications, several telephone calls may be carried using one wire. Multiplexing originated in telegraphy in the 1870s, and is now widely used in communications. In telephony, George Owen Squier is credited with the development of telephone carrier multiplexing in 1910.

The multiplexed signal is transmitted over a communication channel such as a cable. The multiplexing divides the capacity of the communication channel into several logical channels, one for each message signal or data stream to be transferred. A reverse process, known as demultiplexing, extracts the original channels on the receiver end.

A device that performs the multiplexing is called a multiplexer (MUX), and a device that performs the reverse process is called a demultiplexer (DEMUX or DMX).

Inverse multiplexing (IMUX) has the opposite aim as multiplexing, namely to break one data stream into several streams, transfer them simultaneously over several communication channels, and recreate the original data stream.

Multiplexing in Wireless Communication

Multiplexing is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to shar...

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Analog Transmission -Modeulation/DeModulation

Analog Transmission -Modeulation/DeModulation

Modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, w...

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Types of Antenna in Wireless Communication

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   An antenna is a transducer that converts radio frequency (RF) fields into alternating current or vice versa. There are both receiving and transmission antennas for sending or receiving radio transmissions. Antennas play an important role in the operation of all radio equipment. They are used in wireless local area networks, mobile telephony and satellite communication.<br />
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Types of Antenna in Wireless Communication

An antenna is a transducer that converts radio frequency (RF) fields into alternating current or vice versa. T...

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Free Training on Wlreless Network in urdu/hindi-Propagation of Radio waves

Free Training on Wlreless Network in urdu/hindi-Propagation of Radio waves

With respect to the direction of the oscillation relative to the propagation direction,. For electromagnetic waves, propagation may occ...

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Global Packet Radio Service(GPRS)

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         General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet Switched mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication system's global system for mobile communications (GSM). GPRS was standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in response to the earlier CDPD and packet-switched cellular technologies. It is now maintained by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

GPRS usage is typically charged based on volume of data transferred, contrasting with circuit switched data, which is usually billed per minute of connection time. Sometimes billing time is broken down to every third of a minute. Usage above the bundle cap is charged per megabyte, speed limited, or disallowed.

It is a best service, implying variable throughput and latency that depend on the number of other users sharing the service concurrently, as opposed to circuit switching, where a certain quality of service (QoS) is guaranteed during the connection. In 2G systems, GPRS provides data rates of 56–114 kbit/second. 2G cellular technology combined with GPRS is sometimes described as 2.5G, that is, a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony.It provides moderate-speed data transfer, by using unused time division multiple access (TDMA) channels in, for example, the GSM system.
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Global Packet Radio Service(GPRS)

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet Switched mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication system's...

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Cellular System in Wireless Communicatiion

<b><i><u><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Cellular System in Wireless Communicatiion</span></u></i></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                             A cellular network also called  mobile network is a communication network where the last link is wireless. The network is covered over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, known as a cell site or base station. This base station provides the cell with the network coverage which can be used for transmission of voice, data and others. A cell might use a different set of frequencies from neighboring cells, to avoid interference and provide guaranteed service quality within each cell.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                    When these cells joined and provide radio coverage over a wide geographic area. This enables a large number of portable transceivers (e.g., mobile phones, pagers, etc.) to communicate with each other and with fixed transceivers and telephones anywhere in the network, via base stations, even if some of the transceivers are moving through more than one cell during transmission.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><u>Wireless or Cellular networks gives many desirable features:</u></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                  More capacity than a single large transmitter, since the same frequency can be used for multiple links as long as they are in different cells</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mobile devices use low power than with a single transmitter or satellite since the cell towers are closer</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">when Larger coverage area than a single terrestrial transmitter, additional cell towers can be added indefinitely and are not limited by the horizon</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Major telecommunications providers have deployed voice and data cellular networks over most of the inhabited land area of the Earth. This allows mobile phones and mobile computing devices to be connected to the public switched telephone network and public Internet. Private cellular networks can be used for research or for large organizations and fleets, such as dispatch for local public safety agencies or a taxicab company.</span><br />
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Cellular System in Wireless Communicatiion

Cellular System in Wireless Communicatiion A cellular network also called mobile network is a communicatio...

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wireless communication

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Wireless communication is the transfer of data(information) or power between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor. The most popular wireless technologies use radio. With radio waves distances can be short, such as a few meters for television or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications. It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable applications, including two-way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Other examples of applications of radio wireless technology include GPS units, garage door openers, wireless computer mice, keyboards and headsets, headphones, radio receivers, satellite television, broadcast television and cordless telephones.<br />
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Somewhat less common methods of achieving wireless communications include the use of other electromagnetic wireless technologies, such as light, magnetic, or electric fields or the use of sound. The term wireless has been used twice in communications history, with slightly different meaning. It was initially used from about 1890 for the first radio transmitting and receiving technology, as in wireless telegraphy, until the new word radio replaced it around 1920. The term was revived in the 1980s and 1990s mainly to distinguish digital devices that communicate without wires, such as the examples listed in the previous paragraph, from those that require wires or cables. This became its primary usage in the 2000s, due to the advent of technologies such as LTE, LTE-Advanced, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.<br />
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Wireless operations allow services, such as long-range communications, that are impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires. The term is commonly used in the telecommunications industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e.g. radio transmitters and receivers, remote controls, etc.) which use some form of energy (e.g. radio waves, acoustic energy,) to transfer information without the use of wires Information is transferred in this manner over both short and long distances.<br />
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A wireless technology is any type of  network that uses wireless data connections for connecting network points

Wireless networking is a way by which homes, telecommunications networks and business installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations.Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level of the OSI model network structure.

Examples of wireless networks include mobile phone networks, Wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless sensor networks, satellite communication networks, and terrestrial microwave networks etc.

wireless communication

Wireless communication is the transfer of data(information) or power between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical con...

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